The Rise of Military Surplus: How Military Deregulation Shaped an Industry

When we think of "military surplus," images of dusty racks filled with camo jackets, sturdy boots, and bins overflowing with patches and insignia often come to mind. It's a treasure trove for collectors, history buffs, and even fashion enthusiasts seeking that authentic, rugged look. But how did all these items from the disciplined world of military life end up in surplus stores and eventually in our closets? It's all thanks to a complex web of factors, with deregulation playing a pivotal role.

A Brief History of Military Surplus

Military surplus refers to the goods originally purchased by, and made for, the military that are sold to the general public when no longer needed. The concept isn't new. For centuries, armies around the world have been selling off old or excess equipment. However, the scale and scope of what we see today really took shape in the 20th century, particularly after World War II.

During the war, the Allied forces' military production ramped up to unprecedented levels. Tanks, planes, clothing, rationsyou name it, they made it in vast quantities. When the war ended, there was an enormous amount of leftover gear. What is the economic and practical solution? Sell it off.

Deregulation and Its Impact

The term "deregulation" might evoke images of complicated legal texts and political debates, and admittedly, it can be a dry topic. However, when it comes to military surplus, deregulation refers to the loosening of government restrictions and policies concerning the disposal of military items. This change wasn't sudden but evolved over decades, influenced by shifts in political, economic, and military strategies.

Initially, the disposal of military goods was tightly controlled to prevent sensitive technology and equipment from falling into the wrong hands. However, as the cost of storing unused equipment mounted and as technology rapidly became outdated, these restrictions began to relax.

In the U.S., for example, the 1990s saw significant changes in how military surplus was handled. The government started to see the value in recirculating valuable materials back into the economy. Online platforms, like Sportsman's Guide, began to sell military surplus items, ranging from clothing to survival gear.

What Military Items Have Been Deregulated?

The range of military items that have been deregulated and entered the civilian market is incredibly broad, encompassing everything from clothing and personal gear to vehicles and even specialized equipment. Let's delve into some of the categories of items that have transitioned from military to civilian hands thanks to deregulation:

• Clothing and Apparel: One of the most commonly seen military surplus items is military clothing. This includes combat boots, uniforms, jackets, and cargo pants. These items are highly sought after for their durability and functionality. Caps, belts, and other accessories are also popular among civilians for both practical and fashion purposes.

• Outdoor and Tactical Gear: Military tactical gear like backpacks, tents, sleeping bags, and cooking gear are in high demand among campers, hikers, and survivalists. These items are designed to withstand harsh conditions and are prized for their robustness in outdoor settings.

• Vehicles: Perhaps more surprising to some are the vehicles that make their way into the civilian market. Jeeps, trucks, and even larger vehicles like Humvees have been sold to civilians after their service life. These are especially popular with off-road enthusiasts and collectors.

• Communications Equipment: Radios and other communication devices used in military operations are also found in surplus stores. While not always the most modern, they are appreciated for their reliability and functionality in various operational environments.

• Medical Supplies: First aid kits, stretchers, and other medical supplies are commonly released to the public. These items are often used by emergency responders and public health organizations due to their high quality.

• Tools and Machinery: From simple hand tools to more complex machinery like generators and pumps, many types of military-grade equipment find secondary lives in civilian applications, particularly in industries that require rugged, reliable tools.

• Miscellaneous Gear: This includes a wide array of items such as binoculars, gas masks, and even parachutes. Each carries its unique appeal and uses among civilians.

The Criteria for Deregulation

It's important to note that not all military items are deemed suitable for public release. The deregulation process involves careful consideration of several factors:

• Security Concerns: Items that could compromise national security or are too sensitive in nature are typically not released to the public. This includes most weapons systems and some types of advanced technology.

• Condition and Usability: Items that are still in good condition and have practical use are more likely to be sold off. Items that are broken or beyond repair are often scrapped or recycled.

• Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Some items may have restrictions based on local or international laws, such as those related to hazardous materials or advanced surveillance equipment.

Who Benefits from the Deregulation of Military Items?

The deregulation of military surplus has created a unique ecosystem of beneficiaries, ranging from individual consumers to large corporations, and even government entities themselves. Let's explore who gains from this sprawling market:

• Consumers: The most obvious beneficiaries are the consumers. Military surplus offers high-quality, durable products at a fraction of the cost of their civilian counterparts. Whether it's outdoor enthusiasts looking for reliable camping gear, students on the hunt for a sturdy backpack, or fashion aficionados seeking a unique piece that adds an edge to their wardrobe, there's something for everyone.

• Small Business Owners: Entrepreneurs have leveraged the availability of military surplus to create niche businesses. Owners of surplus stores provide a service by sorting, categorizing, and sometimes refurbishing goods to sell them in a more consumer-friendly manner. These businesses not only become community fixtures but also create local jobs.

• Fashion and Film Industries: Designers and stylists often turn to military surplus for authentic, rugged pieces that add a touch of realism to their creations. The film industry, known for its need for period-accurate costumes and props, also benefits greatly. Surplus military items can provide an authentic feel to historical or military-themed productions without the need for costly replicas.

• Government: On the flip side, the government also benefits from the deregulation of military surplus. By selling off unused or outdated equipment, government agencies can recoup some of their initial investment. This process also helps in reducing the cost associated with storing and maintaining large inventories of unused equipment.

• Collectors and Historians: Collectors and historical educators gain access to genuine articles of military history that are often rare and hard to find. These items are not only collectibles but also serve educational purposes, helping to preserve and interpret history for future generations.

• Survival and Preparedness Communities: For those focused on survival and preparedness, military surplus offers tools and equipment that are designed to meet the rigorous demands of combat and survival scenarios. This makes them ideal for use in emergency situations, where reliability can mean the difference between life and death.

Countries Who Deregulate Military Items

The practice of deregulating military surplus and allowing it to be sold to the public is relatively widespread, with several countries engaging in this activity to various extents. Here's a look at a few notable examples from around the world:

• United States: The U.S. is perhaps the most prominent example of a country that deregulates military surplus. Through programs like the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Disposition Services (formerly the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service), the U.S. government sells a wide range of surplus military equipment, from clothing and tools to vehicles and electronics.

• United Kingdom(Great Britain): The UK takes a similar approach through the Disposal Services Authority (DSA), part of the Ministry of Defence. The DSA manages the disposal of equipment and stock that the UK's armed forces and government departments no longer require.

• Germany: In Germany, military surplus is handled through the VEBEG, a company that sells surplus goods from the German government, including those from the Bundeswehr (German armed forces).

• Russia: Russia has a somewhat opaque system for military surplus, often involving direct sales to allied nations or through state-sponsored arms fairs.

• Austria: Austria disposes of its military surplus through the Österreichische Bundesheer (Austrian Federal Army), which occasionally sells surplus equipment, vehicles, and other military items to the public.

• Belgium: The Belgian Defense Ministry manages the sale of surplus through public auctions and sales. Surplus items range from clothing and personal equipment to vehicles and specialized gear.

• Switzerland: The Swiss army sells its surplus material through public auctions managed by armasuisse, the federal agency responsible for procurement. Switzerland is known for its neutral military stance, but still maintains a modern and well-equipped force.

• Netherlands(Holand): The Defensie Materieel Organisatie (Defence Material Organisation) manages the disposal of Dutch military surplus. They conduct sales that can include everything from textiles and field equipment to vehicles and occasionally ships.

• Italy: In Italy, the disposal of military surplus is managed by the Agenzia Industrie Difesa, which oversees the selling of decommissioned equipment. This can include a variety of goods such as vehicles, naval vessels, and other military equipment.

• Romania: The Romanian government disposes of its military surplus through the National Agency for State Property (ANAP). Surplus military goods are sold in public auctions and tenders.

• Sweden: Sweden handles its military surplus through the Swedish Fortifications Agency for property and the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) for equipment. Surplus items are sold to both national and international buyers, including other governments and private entities.

Conclusion: A Market of Necessity and Opportunity

The journey of military surplus items from strictly controlled government assets to mainstream consumer goods is a fascinating story of adaptation and change. Deregulation played a key role by allowing these goods to flow more freely into the hands of the public, creating a market driven by both necessity and opportunity.

So next time you pull on that sturdy pair of combat boots or sling a canvas messenger bag over your shoulder, remember: you're carrying a piece of history shaped by decades of policy, war, and a fair bit of economic savvy. Isn't that something?