Shotguns for Beginners: A Complete Buying Guide

4. Less Common Types 

• Bolt-Action Shotguns: Rare but useful for certain hunting niches.  

What is a Shotgun Gauge? 

As you shop for shotguns, it's important to take note of the gauge size. Gauge is the bore size which is essentially the inside diameter of the barrel. This can trip people up from time-to-time, but the naming works backward: smaller numbers mean bigger bores. 

• 12 Gauge: Most popular and versatile.  

• 20 Gauge: Easier recoil, excellent for beginners and youth.  

• .410 Bore: Lightest recoil, but harder to shoot well.  

Selecting the right gauge helps you balance recoil comfort with power and versatility. 

Shotgun Uses and When to Choose What 

Hunting 

Shotguns shine when it comes to in bird and small game hunting. You can choose your gauge based off what you're hunting and your personal comfort.  

Clay & Target Sports 

Types like break-action or semi-automatics with responsive triggers are popular for trap, skeet and sporting clays. 

Home Defense 

Short-barreled pump or semi-auto shotguns are common picks for close-range defense.  

Ammunition for Shotguns 

What you're using your shotgun for is important to identify before you buy the ammunition. Different loads are optimized for different tasks: 

• Birdshot: Small pellets for birds or clay shooting.  

• Buckshot: Larger pellets for defense or big game hunting.  

• Slugs: A single large projectile for longer range or heavy game.  

Always ensure your shotgun's chamber and barrel are rated for the ammunition you're using. You can tell what ammunition your shotgun is rated for by checking the markings stamped on the barrel. These markings list the shotgun's gauge and the maximum chamber length it can safely fire, such as 12 gauge 2¿" or 3". Always use shells that match the listed gauge and are equal to or shorter than the marked chamber length. If you're unsure or can't find the markings, consult the owner's manual before firing. 

What to Look For When Buying 

Here are the most important features to consider before you purchase: 

Fit and Comfort 

Your shotgun should feel comfortable on your shoulder and in your hands. A proper fit helps you mount the shotgun naturally, improves accuracy, and reduces fatigue during longer shooting sessions. If the shotgun feels awkward or heavy up front, it may be harder to control and enjoy shooting. 

Weight and Recoil 

• Lighter shotguns are easier to carry, especially for long hunts or extended time in the field. 

• Heavier shotguns tend to absorb recoil better, which can make shooting more comfortableespecially for beginners or higher-volume shooting. 

• Finding the right balance between weight and recoil comes down to how and where you plan to use the shotgun. 

Budget 

Shotguns are available across a wide price range. Set a budget that reflects your intended use and how often you plan to shoot. Entry-level shotguns are more than capable for learning the basics, while higher-priced models may offer upgraded materials, smoother operation or reduced recoil. 

Shotgun Safety 101 

Safe shotgun handling comes down to awareness, proper ammunition and disciplined handlingespecially when moving, loading or storing your firearm. Whether it's your first or fifteenth firearm, always follow these core safety rules: 

• Treat every shotgun as if it's loaded. 

• Keep the safety engaged until you're ready to shoot. 

• Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 

• Always point the muzzle in a safe direction. 

• Use the correct ammunition for your shotgun 

A basic safety course can build both confidence and competence as a new shotgun owner. 

Conclusion 

Choosing your first shotgun is a major step in your shooting journey and education is your best tool. Whether you're hunting birds, breaking clays or exploring defensive options, understanding shotgun types, gauges and features will help you buy confidently and shoot safely. Take your time, handle different models, and don't hesitate to ask experienced shooters or professionals for their recommendations.

Happy shooting!